Improvement in apparatus for making ice



UNITED STATESl PATENT OFFICE.

ALEXANDER TWYINING, .OF NEW HAVE', CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR MAKINGV ICE.

Specification forming part of Leiters Patent No. 34,993, dated April 15, 1362. l

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, ALEXANDER@ TWIN- IYNG, of New Haven city, New Haven county, State of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in the Art of Making Ice and of Refrigeration, of which the following is a fulland exact description.y

My improvement applies particularly to those known methods of mak ing -ice and of refrigeration in which the cold is produced by the escape of vapor from a volatile liquid or liberation of a gas lfrom a liquid state or a' state of solution. The apparatus or means which I employ were drawn and described in part in my speci-` iication A. D. 1853, and are fully shown by system of pipes, tt t, which open below intoa tight cavity, F F, and above into another tight' cavity contained by the cover B B and the up; per head of AA A', or any equivalent plate'or bottom, through which the pipes t t t pass with a tight joint, so that the interior of the pipes forms with those cavities an air-tight compartment with only an opening below by a pipe into D and aboveV by the channel a a into an evaporating-purnp or into anotherclosed corn- 1 partment. Now, let the liquid which is-to produce the cold be introduced into the cavity .F F-by the pump D, for example-So as wholly or partially to fill the pipes t t t, and suppose a a to leadfto the suction of a working air or vapor pump, or to some other means of withdrawing vapor or gas from the compartment B B t t. Then the cooled liquid in the pipes will cool the liquid in the vessel A A A; or if `the evaporable or cooling liquid is regulated to enter at top through the pipe s it will rise to the top of the pipes t tt and, above them, so as to run down the interior surfaces of those pipes in a thin sheet, affording a better escape for the vapor or gas out of the pipes during the production of cold,

and lthrough thebottom pipe any residuum may be drawn off from F F and by D.

It is obvious that the cavity B B t t F F and oices and form a strict equivalent to the above by simply entering s and bbinterchangeably compared with their present positions inthe drawings, also making the pipeg to enter F F, in place of the pipe now entering -from D, and making a a, to come into the cavity .A A A at top instead of into B B. `The last arrangement will siinplybring the coldproducing liquid' outside and'around the pipes t t, Snc., and the liquid pumped byC on the inside.

Suppose, now, the liquid in A A A to be cooled below a freezing temperature and to flow through b b into a vat, AE E, Figures I and 1I, containing thin`vessels mm, Ste., Figs. I and II, filled with water, and to ow in aj current,

giving place tov other equally-cooled liquid, the vesselsm m, &c.,`would at lengt-l1 havev their contents frozen. Ihis methodl reserved the right to claim for a futurepatentjn the` specification of my patent dated from July, v1856; but there is still further au improvement, which I proceedto describe.

It is obvious that the vessels which are first subjected to the freezing-current will be soonresti'roze'n` because the current is warmed by the vessels and theircontents I remedy this defect by shifting progressively the` first inipact from vessel to veel in a regular circuit, bringing the coldest current upon vessels already frozen up in partand the least cold upon. the vessels containing therecentlydntroduced water. By this ice is produced more `rapidly on the average, and of uniform quality in all the vessels. l eect this by dividing the vat into cross-troughs u u u u, Fig.V II, each containing its own vessels m m, 8vo. .The partitions vbetween the troughs are alternately' lower and higher, as it' hfh, and the higher have at bottom valves o o o, &c.,`opening in'` thel direction of the current, -but preventingregress. I provide,also, threepipeslengtli wise of the vat. One, c c','\:r"eceives the exit. 'pipe b b andopens by cocks k k, Ste., into the troughs alternately; The opposite! pipe, f f,

opens only by the cocks l l, Ste., out of thefl troughs alternately and leads tothe suction of C. The third, d d d, leads 4from the :last trough in the vat back to theiirst. 'It is in`1 terrupted by a valve, @which allows' -ilow only in a direction from partsprece'dng inthe Vcir-vA ing trough. ltrough, ash/hte', it tlows onto the extreme l trough-say on the right-n thence back through d'd 'and 'e-:to the preceding-end of the vat,

cuit to the parts` following. The operation will be as follows: Into whatever trough you wish the coldest of the current to enter you open the corresponding cock 7c and close all jothers in c At the same time you open, opposite, the cock l in f f where you wish the lcurrentto ilow'out, but you close all other thence 7again toward -h -h- 'i t', leaving the vat l wherever Z is opened forv that purpose.' Now, 'after acertainjtime the cocks last open are to be closed andjthose next in order in the circuit to be opened, shifting the process forward one pair of troughsl and s o on 4successivi-ely.

The 'pipe c 'aand ibsco'cks might be dispensed with by making bba '.hose dippiuginto the j troughs directlyfand to be shifted from trough.

also, by .a Suitableprovision of upper y'alves, as at r, in'thejlower partitions, cocks might be allowed foreach cistern instead of. each alternate` l-denominate this shiftingprocess distinctivelythe v pr'ogressivecircuitof cold cur' l -ltis not Vessential that A"A A vbe closed by 'the plate which closes `underneath the cavityl edvered'by B B; but A AA may itself open above, provided] that it be -suiiiciently above the vat.v Coversn are'p'rovifded, land the'vat 'radiation of. heat.

ectei inthebest manner frcm'conduction andI What I claim and desire to secure by patent is not any particular method or processfor producing a freezing or refrigerating temperature, but the following:

. 1. The combination of the following four y things or any combination substantially the same, viz: the cooling-vessel. as B B t t F F, the liquid cooled by contact. with the pre- "ceding,- as above, the pump G, or other equivalent means, by which the said liquid 'leaves A A A and returns; also a containing vessel or vessels in which'or upon whose contents said liquid is to perform'its congealing or refrigerating Work.

` 2. The employment, in combination, of

freezing-liquid shifted progressively by means ofa hose or of pipes,valves, or cocks, substantially as abve described, from one part to" another of a trough or vat, with freezing-vessels contained therein, so as to create substantially what is 4above deuominatedthe progressive circuit of cold currents, alsothe vat, withits trou hs, pipes, valves, and cocks,

such'as maybe ri cessary, or any combination l or construction substantially the same for efn fectiug that circuit. n

, 3. The following four. parts in combination for a generator, B B t t F F, of cold,viz: the

opening or pipe s/for introducing the liquid or solution from whichvapor or gas is to expand ,and produce the cold, the pipes or narrow compartments t t t, down which .the above is to flowby gravity in thin sheets of liquid, the lower compartment, F F, opening into the 'f pump D, for removing residuum, and the ex- -terior liquid in A A A cooled and made to circulate, all substantially as above described.

' ALnXa-C. TWINING.

`llVitiiesscs: -v i I i l S. DoUeLAs TWINING, THEoD. W. TWINING. 

